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Medical decision making / Harold C. Sox [and others].
Format
Book
Language
English
Published/Created
Philadelphia : American College of Physicians, ©2007.
Description
x, 406 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
Availability
Copies in the Library
Location
Call Number
Status
Location Service
Notes
Stokes Library - Wallace Hall (SPIA)
R723.5 .M38 2007
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Details
Subject(s)
Clinical medicine
—
Decision making
[Browse]
Diagnosis
—
Decision making
[Browse]
Decision making
[Browse]
Diagnosis
[Browse]
Therapeutics
[Browse]
Related name
Sox, Harold C.
[Browse]
Notes
Reprint. Originally published: Boston : Butterworth-Heinemann, 1988.
Bibliographic references
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Original version
Originally published: Boston : Butterworth-Heinemann, c1988.
Contents
Machine derived contents note: How May I Be Thorough Yet Efficient When Considering
the Possible Causes of My Patient's Problems? I1
How Do I Characterize the Information I Have Gathered
during the Medical Interview and Physical Examination? I
How Do I Interpret New Diagnostic Information? 5
How Do I Select the Appropriate Diagnostic Test? 6
How Do I Choose among Several Risky Treatment Alternatives? 6
Summary
TW DI FFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 9
A. Introduction 9
B. Learning from Observations of Skilled Clinicians 10
C. The Process of Differential Diagnosis 12
D. An Extended Example 22
Summary 25
Refrences 26
THREE PROBABILITY: QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY 27
A. Uncertainty and Probability in Medicine 27
B. Use of Personal Experience to Estimate Probability 34
C. Use of Published Experience to Estimate Probability 52
D. Consideration of the Special Characteristics of the
Patient When Estimating Probability 60
Summary 61
Problems 62
New Words in this Chapter 64
References 64
FOUR UNDERSTANDING NEW INFORMATION: BAYES' THEOREM 67
A. Introduction 67
B. Conditional Probability Defined 71
C. Bayes' Theorem 71
D. The Odds Ratio Form of Bayes' Theorem 75
E. Alternative Forms of Bayes' Theorem: Th Tree and
the 2 x 2 Table 80
F Lessons to Be Learned from Bayes' Theorem 84
G. The Assumption of Bayes' Theorem 91.
H. Interpreting a Sequence of Tests 93
I. Using Bayes' Theorem When Many Diseases Are
Under Consideration 97
Summary 98
Problems 99
New Words in this Chapter 100
References 100
FIVE MEASURING THE ACCURACY OF CLINICAL DATA 103
A. How Test Results Can Be Expressed as "Abnormal"
and "Normal" 103
B. Measures of How Well a Test Discriminates between a
Disease and All Other Conditions 106
C. How Test Performance Is Measured: A Hypothetical Case 113
D, Pitfalls of Predictive Value 115
E. Why Measures of Test Performance May Not Apply to
Your Patient 1 16
F Combining Data from Several Studies 128
G. Expressing Test Results as Continuous Variables 129
Summary 138
Problems 139
New Words in this Chapter 140
References 141
Appendix SA: Derivation of the Method for Using the ROC
Curve to Choose the Definition of an Abnormal Test Result 142
SIX EXPECTED VALUE DECISION MAKING 147
A. Basic Concepts of Expected Value Decision Making 1 48
B. Decision Analysis: An Introductory Example r151
Summary / 165
Problem 166
New Words in this Chapter 166
SEVEN MEASURING THE OUTCOME OF CARE 167
A. Measuring the Patient's Preferences: Utility Assessment 168
B. Estimating the Expected Length of Life 182
C. Measuring How Well the Patient Is Able to Function 194
D. Satisfaction with One's State of Health 196
E. Using a iinear Scale to Express Strength of Preference 196
Summary 197
Problems 198
New Words in this Chapter 199
References 199
Appendix 7A: Axioms of Utility Theory 200
EIGHT DECISION MAKING WHEN THE OUTCOMES HAVE
SEVERAL DIMENSIONS 201
A. Assessing the Patient's Preferences for Outcomes with
Several Dimensions 202
B. Measuring the Patient's Utility for a Period of Time in
III Health: An Introduction 206
C. Assessing Preferences for the Length of Life 208
I The Time Trade-Off Method 216
E. Measuring Preferences for Any Period of Time in III Health 220
F. Another Method for Adjusting Life Expectancy for the
Quality of Life 225
G. Sources of Error in Utility Assessment 230
, .Last Words 232
Summary 232
New Words in this Chapter 233
Problems 233
References 236
NINESELECTION AND INTERPRETATION OF
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS 239
A. Taking Action When the Consequences Are Uncertain:
Principles and Definitions 239
& Could a Diagnostic Test Change the Treatment of the Patient? 243
C TheTreatment TThreshold Probability 246
D The Decision to Obtain a Diagnostic Test 249
E Setting the Treatment Threshold Probability 257
F. Taking Account of the Costs and Risks of the Test 270
. A Clinical Case: Test Selection for Suspected Brain Tumor 274
H. Sensitivity Analysis 277
I. Choosing among Diagnostic Tests 280
J Choosing the Best Combination of Diagnostic Tests 283
Summary 285
New Words in this Chapter 289
References 289
TEN BEDSIDE DECISION ANALYSIS 291
A. Dificult Clinical Problem: Bleeding Esophageal Varices 291
B. Sensitivity Analysis 301
C. A Decision Problem in "hich ThreeWay Sensitivity
Analysis Was Useful 309
Conclusions 314
References 315
ELEVEN COST-EFFECTTVENESS ANALYSIS AND
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS 317
A The Physician's Conflicting Roles: Patient Advocate,
Member of Society, and Entrepreneur 317
B. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: A Method for Comparing
Management Strategies 319
C. Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Method for Measuring the Net
Benefit of Medical Policies 328
D. Measuring the Costs of Medical Care 331
Summary 333
New Words in this Chapter 334
Problem 334
Re erences 335.
Show 125 more Contents items
ISBN
1930513798
9781930513792
LCCN
2007272194
OCLC
82369519
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